I had some more time to review the Castrol and Pennzoil viscosity charts. I also researched a little about these tests. I ran across this brief explanation of oil flow and viscosity:
"Measurement of a fluid’s resistance to flow. The common metric unit of absolute viscosity is the poise, which is defined as the force in dynes required to move a surface one square centimeter in area past a parallel surface at a speed of one centimeter per second, with the surfaces separated by a fluid film one centimeter thick. For convenience, the CentiPoise (cP) — one one-hundredth of a poise — is the unit customarily used. Laboratory measurements of viscosity normally use the force of gravity to produce flow through a capillary tube (viscometer) at a controlled temperature. This measurement is called kinematic viscosity. The unit of kinematic viscosity is the stoke, expressed in square centimeters per second. The more customary unit is the centistoke (cSt) — one one-hundredth of a stoke. Kinematic viscosity can be related to absolute viscosity by the equation:
cSt = cP Ă· fluid density"
Here's where it gets interesting. The Castrol and Pennzoil charts both contained cold temperature oil tests. (Those tests were in centipoise - cP.) If I read the charts correctly, at -30*C (-22*F) the Castrol 5w30 (synthetic) had a viscosity of 4,075 cP and the Pennzoil 5w30 (conventional) had a viscosity of 5,800 cP. I know nothing about a centipoise scale, but if it is linear, it appears the 5w30 conventional oil resists flow 42% more than 5w30 synthetic oil at -30*F. Did I get that right? The same test for the 10w30 was performed at -25*C(-13*F). At -13*F, the Castrol 10w30 (synthetic) had a viscosity of 4,316 cP and the Pennzoil 10w30 (conventional) had a viscosity of 6,170 cP. This seems to indicate that at very cold temperatures, the conventional 10w30 oil also resists flow 43% more than the synthetic 10w30 oil. To me, this proves that viscosity ratings can be misleading and that synthetic really is better for cold weather. If I interpret these number correctly, even the conventional 5w30 (5,800 cP) resists flow about 30% more than synthetic 10w30 (4,316 cP). Thanks again Rylan.